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He secured his first full term as president in the disputed general election. Mnangagwa was re-elected in the August general election with Mnangagwa was born in in Shabani , Southern Rhodesia , to a large Tonga family. His parents were farmers, and in the s he and his family were forced to move back to their country Northern Rhodesia because of his father's political activism.

He returned to Rhodesia in as leader of the "Crocodile Gang", a group that attacked white-owned farms in the Eastern Highlands. In , he bombed a train near Fort Victoria now Masvingo and was imprisoned for ten years, after which he was released and deported to the recently independent Zambia.

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After independence, Mnangagwa held a series of senior cabinet positions under Mugabe. From to , he was the country's first minister of state security , and oversaw the Central Intelligence Organisation. His role in the Gukurahundi massacres, in which thousands of Ndebele civilians were killed during his tenure, is controversial. Mnangagwa was Minister of Justice, Legal and Parliamentary Affairs from to and then Speaker of the Parliament from until , when he was demoted to Minister of Rural Housing for openly jockeying to succeed the aging Mugabe.

He returned to favour during the general election , in which he ran Mugabe's campaign, orchestrating political violence against the opposition Movement for Democratic Change — Tsvangirai. Mnangagwa served as Minister of Defence from until , when he became justice minister again. He was also appointed First Vice-President in and was widely considered a leading candidate to succeed Mugabe.

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Mnangagwa's ascendancy was opposed by Mugabe's wife, Grace Mugabe , and her Generation 40 political faction. Mugabe dismissed Mnangagwa from his positions in November , and he fled to South Africa. Soon after, General Constantino Chiwenga , backed by elements of the Zimbabwe Defence Forces and members of Mnangagwa's Lacoste political faction, launched a coup.